Editing Paintball marker (section)

== Operating mechanisms ==

Paintball markers use several different operating systems.

=== Pump-action ===

A pump-action marker requires the player to operate a mechanical pumping mechanism between shots.

This movement prepares the firing mechanism and loads another paintball into the breech.

Pump markers were the principal equipment used during paintball's early development.

They remain in use for [[pump paintball]], stock-class competition and recreational play.

=== Mechanical semiautomatic ===

Mechanical semiautomatic markers fire one paintball for each complete trigger cycle without requiring manual recocking.

Their operation is controlled through mechanical and pneumatic components rather than electronic circuitry.

Common mechanisms include:

* '''Blowback:''' A portion of the propellant gas operates the mechanism that resets the hammer and bolt.
* '''Blow-forward:''' Regulated gas moves the bolt forwards and propels the paintball, as demonstrated by the Automag.
* '''Pneumatically recocked:''' A pneumatic system operates the recocking mechanism after firing, as used by the Autococker.

Different manufacturers have developed variations of these systems.[2][4]

=== Electronic markers ===

Electronic markers use a circuit board and electronic trigger input to control firing.

Many incorporate a solenoid valve that operates the pneumatic firing mechanism.

Common electronic operating systems include spool-valve and ram-driven poppet-valve configurations.

Electronic markers may incorporate adjustable firing modes, shot counters, electronic paintball detection and programmable rate-of-fire limits.

Such markers are widely used in modern competitive speedball.[5][6]